1951 Armi Ratia, Finnish designer, expanded her husband's printing business into a fashionable "total work of art" business (Gesamtkunstwerk) that became "Marimekko."
1957 Oct 24, Christian Dior (52), French fashion magnate and inventor of the postwar "New Look," died in Italy. He was succeeded by his favorite assistant, Yves Saint Laurent.
Thursday 11 December 2008
1892 Abercrombie & Fitch, clothing retailers, began operations. (3/6/04)
1895 May 24, Samuel I. Newhouse, US millionaire publisher (Parade, Vogue, Glamour), was born. (5/24/02)
1896 Sep 10, Elsa Schiaparelli, French fashion designer, was born. (9/10/01)
1896 Brooks Brothers introduced button down collars after observing polo players button down their collar points to keep them from flapping during play. (6/23/03, p.B1)
1899 Jan 24, The rubber heel was patented by Humphrey O'Sullivan. (1/24/02)
1895 May 24, Samuel I. Newhouse, US millionaire publisher (Parade, Vogue, Glamour), was born. (5/24/02)
1896 Sep 10, Elsa Schiaparelli, French fashion designer, was born. (9/10/01)
1896 Brooks Brothers introduced button down collars after observing polo players button down their collar points to keep them from flapping during play. (6/23/03, p.B1)
1899 Jan 24, The rubber heel was patented by Humphrey O'Sullivan. (1/24/02)
wold history(politics)1890-1900-malaika
1890 AD Bismark Resigns -William II Emperor of Germany dismissed Chancellor Bismarck. This ended the career of the man who was singly responsible for the unification of Germany.
1890 AD Eiffel Tower -In 1890 the Eiffel Tower was completed.
1890 AD Uganda Occupied by Britain -The Germans and the British resolve their differences in Africa when the Germans give up claims to Uganda which the British occupy, in return for receiving the island of Hegoland in the North Sea from Britain.
1890 AD Van Gogh Dies -On July 29, 1890 Vincent Van Gogh the Dutch painter committed suicide. During his lifetime he sold only one painting becoming successful only upon death.
1890- Womens Suffrage Groups Merge-The nation's two largest women's organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Women's Suffrage Organization, merged to form the National American Women's Suffrage Association. NAWSA was dedicated to obtaining the vote for women.
1890-McKinely Tariff-The highest tariff in American history, to date, was passed. It called for a tariff of over 49.5% on most goods. The eastern industrialist interests, who were strong supporters of protectionism, were the prime movers behind the tariffs. The Democrats, under Cleveland, lowered the tariffs slightly. They were soon raised again.
1891- Yellowstone Becomes First National Park-After a concerted effort by conservationalists, a vast area of Wyoming and Colorado was set aside to become Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone marked the first concrete action by the federal government to preserve parts of the western wilderness, which was rapidly being settled.
1892- Steel Strike Broken By Militia- The first large industrial strike against the Carnegie Steel Works was eventually broken by state militia. The strike began when the company demanded a wage cut of 18-26%. The union refused. They were locked out, and in turn, closed the plant. After Pinkerton guards failed to dislodge the strikers, the state militia removed them successfully.
1892 AD Ellis Island Opens -The flood of immigration forced the federal government to open up a new center for immigrant processing in a new center for immigrant processing in New York harbor. That center was called "Ellis Island." Millions of immigrants passed through its portal.
1893- Panic of 1893-A growing credit shortage created panic, resulting in a depression. Over the course of this depression 15,000 businesses, 600 banks, and 74 railroads failed. There was severe unemployment and wide-scale protesting, which in some cases became very violent.
1893 AD Revolt in Hawaii -American sugar growers revolted against the native Hawaiian monarchy, The revolt received assistance from the Marines.The new government received American recognition. A treaty was drawn up to annex the Hawaiian Islands, but it did not pass before Harrison left office. McKinley removed US troops.
1893- Repeal of Silver Act-President Cleveland called Congress to a special session to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, in order to stop the drain on US gold reserves. The repeal was passed in the House by a vote of 239-108, and by a vote of 48-37 in the Senate.
1894 AD Debussy Composes Prelude a Lapres-midi Dun Faune -Claude Debussy, French Impressionist composer, composes Prelude a lapres-midi dun faune (The Afternoon of a Faun) for orchestra, based on a poem by French Symbolist poet Stephane Mallarme.
1894- Coxey Army-An "army of unemployed" was expected to invade Washington demanding relief from the depression. The demonstrators called for a government program of public works which would create jobs. In the end, less than 1,000 demonstrators arrived in Washington, most of whom were arrested for various misdemeanors.
1894 AD Robert Louis Stevenson Dies-The Scottish writer Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson died. Some of his better works included Treasure Island and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
1894- Pullman Rail Strike- A Major strike led by Eugene Debs was directed against the Pullman Rail company after the company responding to the depression cut worker salaries but refused to cut their rent payments in Pullman houses.
1895
1895 AD First Sino-Japanese War -The Japanese defeat the Chinese in the Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese army and navy were both defeated by the Japanese. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Shimonsoseki. Under its terms Taiwan and the Pescasdoeres Islands were ceded to Japan. China recognized Korea's independence, and China was forced to pay a large indemnity to Japan.
1895 AD French West Africa -The French organized their territorial holding in West Africa into French West Africa. It comprised what today are Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast and Senegal. The French governor general made his headquarters in Dakar. That same year it established a protectorate over Madagascar
1895 AD Sun Yatsen Revolt -Sun Yat-sen organized a secret revolutionary society in Canton in 1894. In 1895 he attempted to overthrow the Manchu dynasty. His first attempt at revolt was unsuccessful.
1896 AD Battle of Adwa -The Ethiopians defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa. This brought to an end the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. Italy was force to acknowledge Ethiopian independence at the treaty of Addis Abba on October 26, 1896.
1896 AD Ghana Captured by Great Britain -The Ashanti capital of Kumasi was captured by a British expeditionary force. The area, which is in present day Ghana was made a British protectorate.
1897 AD Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika Composed -Rev. Enoch Sontonga composes the famous Xhosa hymn, Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika (God bless Africa). Its melody is used for the national anthems of Tanzania and Zambia, and it becomes an anthem for those who struggled to eradicate apartheid in South Africa.
1898 AD Dewey Captures Philippines -Before the Spanish American War broke out Assistant Naval secretary Teddy Roosevelt had sent a message to Admiral Dewey, commander of US naval forces in the western pacific, to be prepared if war came with Spain to proceed to Manila and defeat the Spanish fleet there. When war was declared Dewey received orders to proceed and destroy the Spanish fleet.Admiral Dewey commanded a squadron of six ships, including modern cruisers. The Spanish had a force of 10 old ships, which were no match for the American ships. The Spanish commander Admiral Patricio Montojo decided to fight the battle anchored in Manila Bay hoping to gain some advantage from shore batteries. Dewey acted aggressively, entering Manila Bay at night, thus providing the Spanish very little time to prepare for battle. Leading the American force was the Olympia with Dewey aboard. At 5:15 in the morning of the first, the Spanish battery at Cavite opened fire on the American force. The American fleet continued and at 5:41 at a distance of 4,000 yards Dewey gave the order to open fire. The American squadron steamed up and down the Spanish line five times, laying devastating fire on the Spanish ships. At 7:35 Dewey temporarily withdrew believing, mistakenly, that his ships had only 15% of their ammunition left. After it was ascertained that only 15% had been used, Dewey resumed his attacks at 11:00 against a rapidly sinking Spanish force. At 12:30 the battle ended, with the entire Spanish fleet sunk.
1898 AD Fashoda Incident -The Fashoda incident occured when a French military expedition reached Fashoda in the present Sudan. Jean Baptist Marchand led the French force. A larger British force, led by Horatio Herbert Kitchener, arrived at Fashoda. A war-like crisis ensued between France and England as the British demanded the French withdraw. The crisis ended when France recognized British claims to the Nile basin, while Britain recognized French claims to the Sahara as well as Western Sudan.
http://www.historycentral.com/dates/1890ad.html
1890 AD Eiffel Tower -In 1890 the Eiffel Tower was completed.
1890 AD Uganda Occupied by Britain -The Germans and the British resolve their differences in Africa when the Germans give up claims to Uganda which the British occupy, in return for receiving the island of Hegoland in the North Sea from Britain.
1890 AD Van Gogh Dies -On July 29, 1890 Vincent Van Gogh the Dutch painter committed suicide. During his lifetime he sold only one painting becoming successful only upon death.
1890- Womens Suffrage Groups Merge-The nation's two largest women's organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Women's Suffrage Organization, merged to form the National American Women's Suffrage Association. NAWSA was dedicated to obtaining the vote for women.
1890-McKinely Tariff-The highest tariff in American history, to date, was passed. It called for a tariff of over 49.5% on most goods. The eastern industrialist interests, who were strong supporters of protectionism, were the prime movers behind the tariffs. The Democrats, under Cleveland, lowered the tariffs slightly. They were soon raised again.
1891- Yellowstone Becomes First National Park-After a concerted effort by conservationalists, a vast area of Wyoming and Colorado was set aside to become Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone marked the first concrete action by the federal government to preserve parts of the western wilderness, which was rapidly being settled.
1892- Steel Strike Broken By Militia- The first large industrial strike against the Carnegie Steel Works was eventually broken by state militia. The strike began when the company demanded a wage cut of 18-26%. The union refused. They were locked out, and in turn, closed the plant. After Pinkerton guards failed to dislodge the strikers, the state militia removed them successfully.
1892 AD Ellis Island Opens -The flood of immigration forced the federal government to open up a new center for immigrant processing in a new center for immigrant processing in New York harbor. That center was called "Ellis Island." Millions of immigrants passed through its portal.
1893- Panic of 1893-A growing credit shortage created panic, resulting in a depression. Over the course of this depression 15,000 businesses, 600 banks, and 74 railroads failed. There was severe unemployment and wide-scale protesting, which in some cases became very violent.
1893 AD Revolt in Hawaii -American sugar growers revolted against the native Hawaiian monarchy, The revolt received assistance from the Marines.The new government received American recognition. A treaty was drawn up to annex the Hawaiian Islands, but it did not pass before Harrison left office. McKinley removed US troops.
1893- Repeal of Silver Act-President Cleveland called Congress to a special session to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, in order to stop the drain on US gold reserves. The repeal was passed in the House by a vote of 239-108, and by a vote of 48-37 in the Senate.
1894 AD Debussy Composes Prelude a Lapres-midi Dun Faune -Claude Debussy, French Impressionist composer, composes Prelude a lapres-midi dun faune (The Afternoon of a Faun) for orchestra, based on a poem by French Symbolist poet Stephane Mallarme.
1894- Coxey Army-An "army of unemployed" was expected to invade Washington demanding relief from the depression. The demonstrators called for a government program of public works which would create jobs. In the end, less than 1,000 demonstrators arrived in Washington, most of whom were arrested for various misdemeanors.
1894 AD Robert Louis Stevenson Dies-The Scottish writer Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson died. Some of his better works included Treasure Island and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
1894- Pullman Rail Strike- A Major strike led by Eugene Debs was directed against the Pullman Rail company after the company responding to the depression cut worker salaries but refused to cut their rent payments in Pullman houses.
1895
1895 AD First Sino-Japanese War -The Japanese defeat the Chinese in the Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese army and navy were both defeated by the Japanese. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Shimonsoseki. Under its terms Taiwan and the Pescasdoeres Islands were ceded to Japan. China recognized Korea's independence, and China was forced to pay a large indemnity to Japan.
1895 AD French West Africa -The French organized their territorial holding in West Africa into French West Africa. It comprised what today are Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast and Senegal. The French governor general made his headquarters in Dakar. That same year it established a protectorate over Madagascar
1895 AD Sun Yatsen Revolt -Sun Yat-sen organized a secret revolutionary society in Canton in 1894. In 1895 he attempted to overthrow the Manchu dynasty. His first attempt at revolt was unsuccessful.
1896 AD Battle of Adwa -The Ethiopians defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa. This brought to an end the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. Italy was force to acknowledge Ethiopian independence at the treaty of Addis Abba on October 26, 1896.
1896 AD Ghana Captured by Great Britain -The Ashanti capital of Kumasi was captured by a British expeditionary force. The area, which is in present day Ghana was made a British protectorate.
1897 AD Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika Composed -Rev. Enoch Sontonga composes the famous Xhosa hymn, Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika (God bless Africa). Its melody is used for the national anthems of Tanzania and Zambia, and it becomes an anthem for those who struggled to eradicate apartheid in South Africa.
1898 AD Dewey Captures Philippines -Before the Spanish American War broke out Assistant Naval secretary Teddy Roosevelt had sent a message to Admiral Dewey, commander of US naval forces in the western pacific, to be prepared if war came with Spain to proceed to Manila and defeat the Spanish fleet there. When war was declared Dewey received orders to proceed and destroy the Spanish fleet.Admiral Dewey commanded a squadron of six ships, including modern cruisers. The Spanish had a force of 10 old ships, which were no match for the American ships. The Spanish commander Admiral Patricio Montojo decided to fight the battle anchored in Manila Bay hoping to gain some advantage from shore batteries. Dewey acted aggressively, entering Manila Bay at night, thus providing the Spanish very little time to prepare for battle. Leading the American force was the Olympia with Dewey aboard. At 5:15 in the morning of the first, the Spanish battery at Cavite opened fire on the American force. The American fleet continued and at 5:41 at a distance of 4,000 yards Dewey gave the order to open fire. The American squadron steamed up and down the Spanish line five times, laying devastating fire on the Spanish ships. At 7:35 Dewey temporarily withdrew believing, mistakenly, that his ships had only 15% of their ammunition left. After it was ascertained that only 15% had been used, Dewey resumed his attacks at 11:00 against a rapidly sinking Spanish force. At 12:30 the battle ended, with the entire Spanish fleet sunk.
1898 AD Fashoda Incident -The Fashoda incident occured when a French military expedition reached Fashoda in the present Sudan. Jean Baptist Marchand led the French force. A larger British force, led by Horatio Herbert Kitchener, arrived at Fashoda. A war-like crisis ensued between France and England as the British demanded the French withdraw. The crisis ended when France recognized British claims to the Nile basin, while Britain recognized French claims to the Sahara as well as Western Sudan.
http://www.historycentral.com/dates/1890ad.html
Monday 8 December 2008
WORLD HISTORY
WORLD HISTORY
1950
Brink's robbery in Boston; almost $3 million stolen (Jan. 17).
Truman orders development of hydrogen bomb (Jan. 31).
Robert Schuman proposes Schuman Plan to pool European coal and steel (May 9).
Korean War begins when North Korean Communist forces invade South Korea (June 25). (For detailed chronology, seeKorean War.)
Assassination attempt on President Truman by Puerto Rican nationalists (Nov. 1). McCarthyism begins.
1951
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg sentenced to death for passing atomic secrets to Russians (March).
Spurred by Schuman Plan, six nations form European Coal and Steel Community (April); effective 1952.
Japanese peace treaty signed in San Francisco by 49 nations (Sept. 8). Color television introduced in U.S. Libya gains independence (Dec. 24).
1952
George VI dies; his daughter becomes Elizabeth II (Feb. 6). AEC announces “satisfactory” experiments in hydrogen-weapons research; eyewitnesses tell of blasts near Enewetak (Nov.).
Ralph Ellison's The Invisible Man.
1953
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated president of United States (Jan. 20).
Stalin dies (March 5). Malenkov becomes Soviet premier; Beria, minister of interior; Molotov, foreign minister (March 6). Dag Hammarskjöld begins term as UN secretary-general (April 10).
James Watson and Francis Crick publish their discovery of the molecular model of DNA (April–May).
Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay of Nepal reach top of Mt. Everest (May 29). East Berliners rise against Communist rule; quelled by tanks (June 17).
Egypt becomes republic ruled by military junta (June 18).
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed in Sing Sing prison (June 19). Korean armistice signed (July 27).
Moscow announces explosion of hydrogen bomb (Aug. 20).
Tito becomes president of Yugoslavia. James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin discover structure of DNA.
Ernest Hemingway wins Pulitzer for The Old Man and the Sea.
1954
First atomic submarine Nautilus launched (Jan. 21).
Five U.S. congressmen shot on floor of House as Puerto Rican nationalists fire from spectators' gallery; all five recover (March 1). Soviet Union grants sovereignty to East Germany (March 23).
Army v. McCarthy inquiry—Senate subcommittee report blames both sides (April 22–June 17).
Dien Bien Phu, French military outpost in Vietnam, falls to Vietminh army (May 7). (For detailed chronology, see Vietnam War.) U.S. Supreme Court (in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka) unanimously bans racial segregation in public schools (May 17).
Eisenhower launches world atomic pool without Soviet Union (Sept. 6).
Eight-nation Southeast Asia defense treaty (SEATO) signed at Manila (Sept. 8).
Dr. Jonas Salk starts inoculating children against polio. Algerian War of Independence against France begins (Nov.); France struggles to maintain colonial rule until 1962 when it agrees to Algeria's independence.
William Faulkner's A Fable wins Pulitzer.
1955
Nikolai A. Bulganin becomes Soviet premier, replacing Malenkov (Feb. 8). Churchill resigns; Anthony Eden succeeds him (April 6).
West Germany becomes a sovereign state (May 5).
Western European Union (WEU) comes into being (May 6). Warsaw Pact, east European mutual defense agreement, signed (May 14).
Argentina ousts Perón (Sept. 19). President Eisenhower suffers coronary thrombosis in Denver (Sept. 24).
Rosa Parks refuses to sit at the back of the bus.
Martin Luther King, Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery, Ala., bus system (Dec. 1); desegregated service begins Dec. 21, 1956. AFL and CIO become one organization—AFL-CIO (Dec. 5).
Tennessee Williams's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof wins Pulitzer.
1956
Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of USSR Communist Party, denounces Stalin's excesses (Feb. 24).
First aerial H-bomb tested over Namu islet, Bikini Atoll > 10 million tons TNT equivalent (May 21).
Workers' uprising against Communist rule in Poznan, Poland, is crushed (June 28–30); rebellion inspires Hungarian students to stage a protest against Communism in Budapest (Oct. 23).
Egypt takes control of Suez Canal (July 26). Hungarian rebellion forces Soviet troops to withdraw from Budapest (Oct.).
Israel launches attack on Egypt's Sinai peninsula and drives toward Suez Canal (Oct. 29).
Imre Nagy announces Hungary's withdrawal from Warsaw Pact (Nov. 1); S
oviet troops enter and reclaim Budapest (Nov. 4).
British and French invade Port Said on the Suez Canal (Nov. 5).
Cease-fire forced by U.S. pressure stops British, French, and Israeli advance (Nov. 6).
Morocco gains independence. Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal. Allen Ginsberg's Howl.
1957
Eisenhower Doctrine calls for aid to Mideast countries which resist armed aggression from Communist-controlled nations (Jan. 5). The “Little Rock Nine” integrate Arkansas high school. Eisenhower sends troops to quell mob and protect school integration (Sept. 24). Russians launch Sputnik I, first Earth-orbiting satellite—the Space Age begins (Oct. 4).
1958
European Economic Community (Common Market) becomes effective (Jan. 1).
Army's Jupiter-C rocket fires first U.S. Earth satellite, Explorer I, into orbit (Jan. 31).
Egypt and Syria merge into United Arab Republic (Feb. 1).
Khrushchev becomes premier of Soviet Union as Bulganin resigns (Mar. 27).
Gen. Charles de Gaulle becomes French premier (June 1), remaining in power until 1969. E
isenhower orders U.S. Marines into Lebanon at request of President Chamoun, who fears overthrow (July 15). New French constitution adopted (Sept. 28), de Gaulle elected president of 5th Republic (Dec. 21).
1959
Cuban President Batista resigns and flees—Castro takes over (Jan. 1). Tibet's Dalai Lama escapes to India (Mar. 31). St. Lawrence Seaway opens, allowing ocean ships to reach Midwest (April 25). Alaska and Hawaii become states. Leakeys discover hominid fossils.
1950
Brink's robbery in Boston; almost $3 million stolen (Jan. 17).
Truman orders development of hydrogen bomb (Jan. 31).
Robert Schuman proposes Schuman Plan to pool European coal and steel (May 9).
Korean War begins when North Korean Communist forces invade South Korea (June 25). (For detailed chronology, seeKorean War.)
Assassination attempt on President Truman by Puerto Rican nationalists (Nov. 1). McCarthyism begins.
1951
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg sentenced to death for passing atomic secrets to Russians (March).
Spurred by Schuman Plan, six nations form European Coal and Steel Community (April); effective 1952.
Japanese peace treaty signed in San Francisco by 49 nations (Sept. 8). Color television introduced in U.S. Libya gains independence (Dec. 24).
1952
George VI dies; his daughter becomes Elizabeth II (Feb. 6). AEC announces “satisfactory” experiments in hydrogen-weapons research; eyewitnesses tell of blasts near Enewetak (Nov.).
Ralph Ellison's The Invisible Man.
1953
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated president of United States (Jan. 20).
Stalin dies (March 5). Malenkov becomes Soviet premier; Beria, minister of interior; Molotov, foreign minister (March 6). Dag Hammarskjöld begins term as UN secretary-general (April 10).
James Watson and Francis Crick publish their discovery of the molecular model of DNA (April–May).
Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay of Nepal reach top of Mt. Everest (May 29). East Berliners rise against Communist rule; quelled by tanks (June 17).
Egypt becomes republic ruled by military junta (June 18).
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed in Sing Sing prison (June 19). Korean armistice signed (July 27).
Moscow announces explosion of hydrogen bomb (Aug. 20).
Tito becomes president of Yugoslavia. James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin discover structure of DNA.
Ernest Hemingway wins Pulitzer for The Old Man and the Sea.
1954
First atomic submarine Nautilus launched (Jan. 21).
Five U.S. congressmen shot on floor of House as Puerto Rican nationalists fire from spectators' gallery; all five recover (March 1). Soviet Union grants sovereignty to East Germany (March 23).
Army v. McCarthy inquiry—Senate subcommittee report blames both sides (April 22–June 17).
Dien Bien Phu, French military outpost in Vietnam, falls to Vietminh army (May 7). (For detailed chronology, see Vietnam War.) U.S. Supreme Court (in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka) unanimously bans racial segregation in public schools (May 17).
Eisenhower launches world atomic pool without Soviet Union (Sept. 6).
Eight-nation Southeast Asia defense treaty (SEATO) signed at Manila (Sept. 8).
Dr. Jonas Salk starts inoculating children against polio. Algerian War of Independence against France begins (Nov.); France struggles to maintain colonial rule until 1962 when it agrees to Algeria's independence.
William Faulkner's A Fable wins Pulitzer.
1955
Nikolai A. Bulganin becomes Soviet premier, replacing Malenkov (Feb. 8). Churchill resigns; Anthony Eden succeeds him (April 6).
West Germany becomes a sovereign state (May 5).
Western European Union (WEU) comes into being (May 6). Warsaw Pact, east European mutual defense agreement, signed (May 14).
Argentina ousts Perón (Sept. 19). President Eisenhower suffers coronary thrombosis in Denver (Sept. 24).
Rosa Parks refuses to sit at the back of the bus.
Martin Luther King, Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery, Ala., bus system (Dec. 1); desegregated service begins Dec. 21, 1956. AFL and CIO become one organization—AFL-CIO (Dec. 5).
Tennessee Williams's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof wins Pulitzer.
1956
Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of USSR Communist Party, denounces Stalin's excesses (Feb. 24).
First aerial H-bomb tested over Namu islet, Bikini Atoll > 10 million tons TNT equivalent (May 21).
Workers' uprising against Communist rule in Poznan, Poland, is crushed (June 28–30); rebellion inspires Hungarian students to stage a protest against Communism in Budapest (Oct. 23).
Egypt takes control of Suez Canal (July 26). Hungarian rebellion forces Soviet troops to withdraw from Budapest (Oct.).
Israel launches attack on Egypt's Sinai peninsula and drives toward Suez Canal (Oct. 29).
Imre Nagy announces Hungary's withdrawal from Warsaw Pact (Nov. 1); S
oviet troops enter and reclaim Budapest (Nov. 4).
British and French invade Port Said on the Suez Canal (Nov. 5).
Cease-fire forced by U.S. pressure stops British, French, and Israeli advance (Nov. 6).
Morocco gains independence. Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal. Allen Ginsberg's Howl.
1957
Eisenhower Doctrine calls for aid to Mideast countries which resist armed aggression from Communist-controlled nations (Jan. 5). The “Little Rock Nine” integrate Arkansas high school. Eisenhower sends troops to quell mob and protect school integration (Sept. 24). Russians launch Sputnik I, first Earth-orbiting satellite—the Space Age begins (Oct. 4).
1958
European Economic Community (Common Market) becomes effective (Jan. 1).
Army's Jupiter-C rocket fires first U.S. Earth satellite, Explorer I, into orbit (Jan. 31).
Egypt and Syria merge into United Arab Republic (Feb. 1).
Khrushchev becomes premier of Soviet Union as Bulganin resigns (Mar. 27).
Gen. Charles de Gaulle becomes French premier (June 1), remaining in power until 1969. E
isenhower orders U.S. Marines into Lebanon at request of President Chamoun, who fears overthrow (July 15). New French constitution adopted (Sept. 28), de Gaulle elected president of 5th Republic (Dec. 21).
1959
Cuban President Batista resigns and flees—Castro takes over (Jan. 1). Tibet's Dalai Lama escapes to India (Mar. 31). St. Lawrence Seaway opens, allowing ocean ships to reach Midwest (April 25). Alaska and Hawaii become states. Leakeys discover hominid fossils.
1950-1960 WORLD HISTORY (POLITICS(malaika))
Year
Fashion-era Timeline Major Event or Change
1950
War in Korea.
Confirmation of Hydrogen Bomb Programme by President Truman.
Credit card system introduced in America.
Pucci opened the Fashion House of Emilio Pucci.
Mass production of computers began.
First organ transplant takes place.
The world population numbers 2.52 billion. (World population now estimated at 6,442,515,501 (CIA))
1 in 7 UK families owned a car.
Average UK annual salary £101.
USA average annual salary $2992 - when dollars were $4 to £1
1951
Festival of Britain and nationwide celebrations in UK.
Rock and roll and colour TV starts in USA.
Identity cards made essential for South Africans to identify race.
Dresses without waistlines were shown by Balenciaga.
Ready to wear boutiques from designer Balmain, opened in New York.
A new beauty competition: Miss World.
The still camera is given a built in flash.
UK population was 50,290,000, by May 2005 it was estimated at 60,422,986.
USA population was 154,877,889, by May 2005 it was estimated at 295,376,287.
In 1959 the population of India was approx 364.127,000. India in 2005 is now estimated at 1,078,432,720 persons.
1952
New USA president Dwight Eisenhower elected.
The Neo Edwardians, Teddy Boys or Teds are seen around London.
Churchill became Prime Minister in UK under Conservatives.
Identity cards and then food rationing ended.
Givenchy showed his first collection in Paris.
Salk polio vaccine used to save humans from poliomyelitis infection.
In UK the family norm was 2.2 children, compared to 3.5 children in 1905 and 1.7 children in 1997.
Clean Air Act 1952 - UK compulsory use of smokeless fuels eventually end smogs and winter deaths.
In London John Cavanagh and Victor Stiebel open fashion salons.
1953
Queen Elizabeth II crowned in June 1953.
Mount Everest conquered by Hillary and Tensing.
DNA the secret of life discovered by James Watson and Frances Crick.
McCarthy witch hunt hearings took place in USA.
A new regime took over in Russia when Stalin died.
Dupont began commercial production of Dacron at a plant in North Carolina, to produce Dacron (polyester)
1954
French power and dominance in Vietnam ended when French forces were defeated at Dien Bien Phu.
US segregation made illegal in USA.
The four minute mile is broken by Britain's Roger Bannister.
54% of American homes had television sets.
Coco Chanel reopened her Paris fashion salon after a long closure.
1955
In the USA the civil rights campaign got underway.
Warsaw Pact agreement signed.
In England, the felt-tip pen was introduced.
Tests begin on fibre optics for future mass digital communication.
Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" rocks the world.
In UK Mary Quant opened boutique, Bazaar, in Kings Road London.
Film idol of teenagers James Dean dies in a car accident.
60% of Americans were in the "middle class," having incomes between $3,000 and $10,000 per year.
1956
The Suez Crisis. The Suez Canal was nationalized and control taken from Britain and France.
Elvis Presley became an international, world acclaimed star with Love Me Tender film.
IBM created the first hard disk drive.
Prince Rainier III of Monaco married film star Grace Kelly.
Velcro fastening introduced to public.
1957
Sputnik 1 the first satellite to orbit the earth launched into space by the Russians. The space age becomes a reality.
European Economic Community established and Channel tunnel (the Chunnel) between England and France seriously proposed.
Christian Dior dies.
Givenchy launched famous sack line a forerunner of 60's shifts.
Lasers developed.
Average price of a UK house was £2170.
Premium Bonds and Ernie monthly money draw started in UK.
1958
De Gaulle became President of France.
NASA Founded.
Stereo LP records first sold.
Experiments first began in a desire to create the modem.
Paris fashion dictated shorter skirts above the knee.
Yves St.Laurent introduced the Trapeze line.
Last debutantes presented at Court in UK.
USA annual family income reaches $5000.
Berlin Airlift.
1959
Castro took power in Cuba and became the new Dictator.
Barbie dolls invented for children.
The microchip was invented, making way for future home computers.
Mary Quant designed suit shapes that later hallmark the sixties fashion look.
Alaska and Hawaii join the USA and become states of North America.
1 in 3 UK families owned a car.
Average UK male annual salary £190.
USA population reaches 177,829,628.
Motown Records start up setting new styles of music in the sixties.
1960
Almost 60% of American families owned their own homes.
By the end of the fifties most American households owned their own car and washing machine.
Approximately 90% of Americans owned at least one television set.
World Population in 1960 grown to 3 billion.
CIA estimated World population in 2005 at over 6 billion at 6,442,515,501
http://www.fashion-era.com/1950s/1950s_9_timeline_chart.htm
Fashion-era Timeline Major Event or Change
1950
War in Korea.
Confirmation of Hydrogen Bomb Programme by President Truman.
Credit card system introduced in America.
Pucci opened the Fashion House of Emilio Pucci.
Mass production of computers began.
First organ transplant takes place.
The world population numbers 2.52 billion. (World population now estimated at 6,442,515,501 (CIA))
1 in 7 UK families owned a car.
Average UK annual salary £101.
USA average annual salary $2992 - when dollars were $4 to £1
1951
Festival of Britain and nationwide celebrations in UK.
Rock and roll and colour TV starts in USA.
Identity cards made essential for South Africans to identify race.
Dresses without waistlines were shown by Balenciaga.
Ready to wear boutiques from designer Balmain, opened in New York.
A new beauty competition: Miss World.
The still camera is given a built in flash.
UK population was 50,290,000, by May 2005 it was estimated at 60,422,986.
USA population was 154,877,889, by May 2005 it was estimated at 295,376,287.
In 1959 the population of India was approx 364.127,000. India in 2005 is now estimated at 1,078,432,720 persons.
1952
New USA president Dwight Eisenhower elected.
The Neo Edwardians, Teddy Boys or Teds are seen around London.
Churchill became Prime Minister in UK under Conservatives.
Identity cards and then food rationing ended.
Givenchy showed his first collection in Paris.
Salk polio vaccine used to save humans from poliomyelitis infection.
In UK the family norm was 2.2 children, compared to 3.5 children in 1905 and 1.7 children in 1997.
Clean Air Act 1952 - UK compulsory use of smokeless fuels eventually end smogs and winter deaths.
In London John Cavanagh and Victor Stiebel open fashion salons.
1953
Queen Elizabeth II crowned in June 1953.
Mount Everest conquered by Hillary and Tensing.
DNA the secret of life discovered by James Watson and Frances Crick.
McCarthy witch hunt hearings took place in USA.
A new regime took over in Russia when Stalin died.
Dupont began commercial production of Dacron at a plant in North Carolina, to produce Dacron (polyester)
1954
French power and dominance in Vietnam ended when French forces were defeated at Dien Bien Phu.
US segregation made illegal in USA.
The four minute mile is broken by Britain's Roger Bannister.
54% of American homes had television sets.
Coco Chanel reopened her Paris fashion salon after a long closure.
1955
In the USA the civil rights campaign got underway.
Warsaw Pact agreement signed.
In England, the felt-tip pen was introduced.
Tests begin on fibre optics for future mass digital communication.
Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" rocks the world.
In UK Mary Quant opened boutique, Bazaar, in Kings Road London.
Film idol of teenagers James Dean dies in a car accident.
60% of Americans were in the "middle class," having incomes between $3,000 and $10,000 per year.
1956
The Suez Crisis. The Suez Canal was nationalized and control taken from Britain and France.
Elvis Presley became an international, world acclaimed star with Love Me Tender film.
IBM created the first hard disk drive.
Prince Rainier III of Monaco married film star Grace Kelly.
Velcro fastening introduced to public.
1957
Sputnik 1 the first satellite to orbit the earth launched into space by the Russians. The space age becomes a reality.
European Economic Community established and Channel tunnel (the Chunnel) between England and France seriously proposed.
Christian Dior dies.
Givenchy launched famous sack line a forerunner of 60's shifts.
Lasers developed.
Average price of a UK house was £2170.
Premium Bonds and Ernie monthly money draw started in UK.
1958
De Gaulle became President of France.
NASA Founded.
Stereo LP records first sold.
Experiments first began in a desire to create the modem.
Paris fashion dictated shorter skirts above the knee.
Yves St.Laurent introduced the Trapeze line.
Last debutantes presented at Court in UK.
USA annual family income reaches $5000.
Berlin Airlift.
1959
Castro took power in Cuba and became the new Dictator.
Barbie dolls invented for children.
The microchip was invented, making way for future home computers.
Mary Quant designed suit shapes that later hallmark the sixties fashion look.
Alaska and Hawaii join the USA and become states of North America.
1 in 3 UK families owned a car.
Average UK male annual salary £190.
USA population reaches 177,829,628.
Motown Records start up setting new styles of music in the sixties.
1960
Almost 60% of American families owned their own homes.
By the end of the fifties most American households owned their own car and washing machine.
Approximately 90% of Americans owned at least one television set.
World Population in 1960 grown to 3 billion.
CIA estimated World population in 2005 at over 6 billion at 6,442,515,501
http://www.fashion-era.com/1950s/1950s_9_timeline_chart.htm
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